A Glossary of some Architectural Terms

Sources - Examples

 

ABACUSFlat top of a capital, like a stone board
ALTAR TOMBA chest-like monument used as an altar
APSESemicircular end to a building, usually with a half dome
ARCADERow of arches supported by columns
  
BALUSTERPillar with middle swelling out
BARGE BOARD(=verge board) - Woodwork at the verge of a gable, extending over the wall.
BATTLEMENTParapet with rectangular indentations
BROACH SPIRESpire without parapet at the base. (Resembling a spit; OE Broche
  
CHANTRYChapel for chanting masses (originally applied to the endowment)
CHEVRONMoulding in zigzag form
CLERESTORYUpper story with windows
CORBELProjecting stone supporting weight of a higher structure
  
DECORATEDc.1260-1360 (or early 14th century) - the most complete development of Gothic Architecture
DIAPER WORKSCarved (or painted) work representing flowers, Etc., applied to a plain surface
  
EARLY ENGLISHc.1190-1245 (or early 13th century) the first Gothic style of architecture used in the UK
  
FOLIATED ORNAMENTOrnament, imitating leaves
FRESCOESPaintings on the plaster of walls (strictly applied to painting on fresh or wet plaster)
  
GROINEDSee VAULTING below
  
JACOBEANA style of architecture and ornament succeeding Elizabethan (early 17th century)
  
LANCETA narrow pointed window in Early English style
LOW SIDE-WINDOW

Porch on which a coffin containing the corpse [Leich] is rested

  
MISERERE (Misericord)A bracket under the stall seats of the choir
MULLIONVertical division between lights of windows, screens Etc.,
  
NORMANc.1066-1145 - A variety of the Romansque style of architecture
  
OGEEA combination of two curves in opposite directions like an 'S' - a round and a hollow.
  
PARVISERoom over a porch
PERPENDICULARc.1360-1485 (or 15th century) the last of the Gothic styles of architecture which flourished in  England
PILASTERA vertical flat pillar attached to a wall
PISCINAA shallow stone basin with a drain for the water, used during mass
  
QUOINSThe external angles of a building or the stones of which they are built
  
REREDOSA wall or screen behind an altar
ROOD LOFT or ROOD BEAMThe support for the rood or large crucifix
  
SEDILEPriest's seat near the altar on the south side. (The plural is: SEDILIA)
SHINGLETile of wood for covering spires, roofs etc.,
SLYPEA covered passage
SPANDRELThe space between an arch and its rectangular outer moulding
SQUINTAn oblique opening in a church wall, through which the altar can be seen
STOUPA stone basin (in a niche) for holy water
  
TRANSITIONAL NORMANc.1145-1190
TRANSOMHorizontal crossbar in a window
TREFOILThree-pointed tracery, the space inside the point representing a three-lobed leaf
TUDOR1485 to the end of the 16th century, late perpendicular or Elizabethan style of architecture
  
VAULTINGArched roof, cylindrical or wagon-shaped in its simplest form; in Early English - GROINED
WAGON ROOFSemicircular roof

 

 

Sources:

1. Bell's Pocket Guides - SOMERSET by S.E. Winbolt, M.A. 1929 published by G. Bell & sons Ltd London - Pages xiii-xiv